RareBloodGroups.Org : AB- B- O- A- Negative Blood Donor , Blood Bank , Delhi , Mumbai , India: 2008

Friday, May 23, 2008

Are you Negative Blood Donor in India , Please Join RareBloodGroups.Org

Are you Negative Blood Donor in India , Please Join RareBloodGroups.Org

PLEASE VISIT WWW.RAREBLOODGROUPS.ORG

Imagine some unfortunate disaster happen here in the city like Earth Quakes in Gujrat and Kashmir or any other . Are we ready of face the same .

We have started a new support group for RH Negative Blood Types & Rare Blood Groups.

Rare Blood is just like all other Blood, and will not cause you any problem at all unless you need a transfusion.

The goal of the our new website RareBloodGroups.Org is to maintain an up-to-date registry of all donors with rare blood types i.e AB Negative Blood , B Negative Blood, O Negative Blood, A Negative Blood and Bombay Blood Group so that any patient in need can quickly be transfused with blood that is safe for him or her.

Please visit this website at

http://www.rarebloodgroups.org

Marjor Districts and Towns where we are looking for Rh Negative Blood Donors i.e AB Negative Blood , B Negative Blood, O Negative Blood, A Negative Blood and Bombay Blood Group ( Rare Blood Groups )

Negative Blood Donor in Anjaw , Negative Blood Donor in Changlang , Negative Blood Donor in Dibang Valley ,Negative Blood Donor in East Kameng ,Negative Blood Donor in ,East Siang , Negative Blood Donor in Kurung Kumey , Lohit Lower , Negative Blood Donor in Dibang Valley Lower , Negative Blood Donor in Subansiri Papum Pare , Negative Blood Donor in Tawang Tirap ,Negative Blood Donor in Bagalkot ,Negative Blood Donor in Bangalore ,Negative Blood Donor in Bangalore ,Negative Blood Donor in Rural Belgaum ,Negative Blood Donor in Bellary ,Negative Blood Donor in Bidar ,Negative Blood Donor in Bijapur , Negative Blood Donor in Chamrajnagar, Negative Blood Donor in Chickmagalur, Negative Blood Donor in Chikballapur ,Negative Blood Donor in Chitradurga ,Negative Blood Donor in Dakshina ,Negative Blood Donor in Kannada ,Negative Blood Donor in Davangere ,Negative Blood Donor in Dharwad ,Negative Blood Donor in Gadag ,Negative Blood Donor in Gulbarga ,Negative Blood Donor in Hassan ,Negative Blood Donor in Haveri ,Negative Blood Donor in Kodagu ,Negative Blood Donor in Kolar Koppal, Negative Blood Donor in Mandya ,Negative Blood Donor in Mysore ,Negative Blood Donor in Raichur, Negative Blood Donor in Shimoga ,Negative Blood Donor in Tumkur ,Negative Blood Donor in Udupi ,Negative Blood Donor in Uttara Kannada ,
Negative Blood Donor in Agra , Negative Blood Donor in Aligarh, Negative Blood Donor in Allahabad , Negative Blood Donor in Ambedkar Nagar, Negative Blood Donor in Auraiya, Negative Blood Donor in Azamgarh, Negative Blood Donor in Bagpat, Negative Blood Donor in Bahraich , Negative Blood Donor in Ballia, Negative Blood Donor in Balrampur, Negative Blood Donor in Banda, Negative Blood Donor in Barabanki, Negative Blood Donor in Bareilly, Negative Blood Donor in Basti, Negative Blood Donor in Bijnor, Negative Blood Donor in Budaun , Negative Blood Donor in Bulandshahr, Negative Blood Donor in Chandauli, Negative Blood Donor in Chitrakoot, Negative Blood Donor in Deoria , Negative Blood Donor in Etah, Negative Blood Donor in Etawah , Negative Blood Donor in Faizabad , Negative Blood Donor in Farrukhabad, Negative Blood Donor in Fatehpur , Negative Blood Donor in Firozabad , Negative Blood Donor in Gautam Buddha Nagar, Negative Blood Donor in ghaziabad, Negative Blood Donor in Ghazipur, Negative Blood Donor in Gonda , Negative Blood Donor in Gorakhpur, Negative Blood Donor in Hamirpur, Negative Blood Donor in Hardoi, Negative Blood Donor in Hathras, Negative Blood Donor in Jalaun, Jaunpur, Negative Blood Donor in Jhansi , Negative Blood Donor in Jyotiba ,Phule Nagar, Kannauj , Negative Blood Donor in Kanpur Dehat, Negative Blood Donor in Kanpur Nagar, Negative Blood Donor in Kaushambi , Negative Blood Donor in Kheri , Negative Blood Donor in Kushinagar, Negative Blood Donor in Lalitpur, Negative Blood Donor in Lucknow , Negative Blood Donor in Maharajganj, Negative Blood Donor in Mahoba, Negative Blood Donor in Mainpuri, Negative Blood Donor in Mathura , Negative Blood Donor in Mau , Negative Blood Donor in Meerut , Negative Blood Donor in Mirzapur, Negative Blood Donor in Moradabad, Negative Blood Donor in Muzaffarnagar, Negative Blood Donor in Pilibhit, Negative Blood Donor in Pratapgarh , Negative Blood Donor in RaeBareli , Negative Blood Donor in Rampur , Negative Blood Donor in Saharanpur, Negative Blood Donor in Sant Kabir Nagar, Negative Blood Donor in Sant Ravidas Nagar , Negative Blood Donor in Shahjahanpur, Negative Blood Donor in Shravasti , Negative Blood Donor in siddharthnagar , Negative Blood Donor in Sitapur, Negative Blood Donor in Sonbhadra, Negative Blood Donor in Sultanpur, Negative Blood Donor in Unnao, Negative Blood Donor in Almora , Negative Blood Donor in Bageshwar ,Negative Blood Donor in Chamoli ,Negative Blood Donor in Champawat ,Negative Blood Donor in Dehradun ,Negative Blood Donor in Haridwar ,Negative Blood Donor in Nainital ,Negative Blood Donor in Pauri, Negative Blood Donor in Garhwal ,Negative Blood Donor in Pithoragarh ,Negative Blood Donor in Rudraprayag ,Negative Blood Donor in Tehri ,Negative Blood Donor in Garhwal ,Negative Blood Donor in Udham Singh Nagar ,Negative Blood Donor in Uttarkashi , Negative Blood Donor in Chennai ,Negative Blood Donor in Coimbatore ,Negative Blood Donor in Cuddalore ,Negative Blood Donor in Dharmapuri, Negative Blood Donor in Dindigul ,Negative Blood Donor in Erode ,Negative Blood Donor in Kanchipuram ,Negative Blood Donor in Kanyakumari, Negative Blood Donor in Karur ,Negative Blood Donor in Krishnagiri, Negative Blood Donor in Madurai ,Negative Blood Donor in Nagapattinam ,Negative Blood Donor in Namakkal ,Negative Blood Donor in Nilgiris, Negative Blood Donor in Perambalur, Negative Blood Donor in Pudukkottai, Negative Blood Donor in Ramanathapuram, Negative Blood Donor in Salem ,Negative Blood Donor in Sivaganga ,Negative Blood Donor in Thanjavur ,Negative Blood Donor in Theni, Negative Blood Donor in Thoothukudi ,Negative Blood Donor in Tiruchirappalli, Negative Blood Donor in Tirunelveli ,Negative Blood Donor in Tiruvallur ,Negative Blood Donor in Tiruvannamalai ,Negative Blood Donor in Tiruvarur ,Negative Blood Donor in Vellore ,Negative Blood Donor in Viluppuram ,Negative Blood Donor in Virudhunagar,Negative Blood Donor in Aizawl , Negative Blood Donor in Champhai , Negative Blood Donor in Kolasib, Negative Blood Donor in Lawngtlai , Negative Blood Donor in Lunglei , Negative Blood Donor in Mamit, Negative Blood Donor in Saiha , Negative Blood Donor in Serchhip,Negative Blood Donor in Adilabad, Negative Blood Donor in Anantapur, Negative Blood Donor in Chittoor ,Negative Blood Donor in Cuddapah ,Negative Blood Donor in East Godavari, Negative Blood Donor in Guntur ,Negative Blood Donor in Hyderabad ,Negative Blood Donor in Karimnagar, Negative Blood Donor in Khammam ,Negative Blood Donor in Krishna ,Negative Blood Donor in Kurnool ,Negative Blood Donor in Mahabubnagar, Negative Blood Donor in Medak ,Negative Blood Donor in Nalgonda, Negative Blood Donor in Nellore, Negative Blood Donor in Nizamabad , Negative Blood Donor in Prakasam ,Negative Blood Donor in Rangareddy, Negative Blood Donor in , Negative Blood Donor in Srikakulam, Negative Blood Donor in Visakhapatnam ,Negative Blood Donor in Vizianagaram, Negative Blood Donor in Warangal ,Negative Blood Donor in West Godavari, Negative Blood Donor in Anjaw , Negative Blood Donor in Changlang , Negative Blood Donor in Dibang Valley ,Negative Blood Donor in East Kameng ,Negative Blood Donor in ,East Siang , Negative Blood Donor in Kurung Kumey , Lohit Lower , Negative Blood Donor in Dibang Valley Lower , Negative Blood Donor in Subansiri Papum Pare , Negative Blood Donor in Tawang Tirap ,Negative Blood Donor in Upper Siang , Negative Blood Donor in Upper Subansiri ,Negative Blood Donor in West Kameng , Negative Blood Donor in West Siang , Negative Blood Donor in Bagalkot ,Negative Blood Donor in Bangalore ,Negative Blood Donor in Bangalore ,Negative Blood Donor in Rural Belgaum ,Negative Blood Donor in Bellary ,Negative Blood Donor in Bidar ,Negative Blood Donor in Bijapur , Negative Blood Donor in Chamrajnagar, Negative Blood Donor in Chickmagalur, Negative Blood Donor in Chikballapur ,Negative Blood Donor in Chitradurga ,Negative Blood Donor in Dakshina ,Negative Blood Donor in Kannada ,Negative Blood Donor in Davangere ,Negative Blood Donor in Dharwad ,Negative Blood Donor in Gadag ,Negative Blood Donor in Gulbarga ,Negative Blood Donor in Hassan ,Negative Blood Donor in Haveri ,Negative Blood Donor in Kodagu ,Negative Blood Donor in Kolar Koppal, Negative Blood Donor in Mandya ,Negative Blood Donor in Mysore ,Negative Blood Donor in Raichur, Negative Blood Donor in Shimoga ,Negative Blood Donor in Tumkur ,Negative Blood Donor in Udupi ,Negative Blood Donor in Uttara Kannada
Negative Blood Donor in Amritsar , Negative Blood Donor in Barnala ,Negative Blood Donor in
Bathinda ,Negative Blood Donor in Faridkot ,Negative Blood Donor in
Fatehgarh Sahib ,Negative Blood Donor in Ferozepur ,Negative Blood Donor in Gurdaspur, Negative Blood Donor in Hoshiarpur, Negative Blood Donor in Jalandhar, Negative Blood Donor in Kapurthala ,Negative Blood Donor in Ludhiana ,Negative Blood Donor in Mansa Moga Muktsar, Negative Blood Donor in Nawanshahr ,Negative Blood Donor in Patiala ,Negative Blood Donor inRupnagar ,Negative Blood Donor in Sangrur ,Negative Blood Donor in SAS Nagar , Negative Blood Donor in Tarn Taran Negative Blood Donor in Ajmer ,Negative Blood Donor in Alwar ,Negative Blood Donor in Banswara ,Negative Blood Donor in Baran ,Negative Blood Donor in Barmer ,Negative Blood Donor in Bharatpur, Negative Blood Donor in Bhilwara ,Negative Blood Donor in Bikaner ,Negative Blood Donor in Bundi, Negative Blood Donor in Chittorgarh ,Negative Blood Donor in Churu ,Negative Blood Donor in Dausa ,Negative Blood Donor in Dholpur ,Negative Blood Donor in Dungarpur, Negative Blood Donor in Hanumangarh ,Negative Blood Donor in Jaipur, Negative Blood Donor in Jaisalmer ,Negative Blood Donor in Jalore ,Negative Blood Donor in Jhalawar ,Negative Blood Donor in Jhunjhunu ,Negative Blood Donor in Jodhpur ,Negative Blood Donor in Karauli, Negative Blood Donor in Kota ,Negative Blood Donor in Nagaur ,Negative Blood Donor in Pali ,Negative Blood Donor in Rajsamand ,Negative Blood Donor in Sawai Madhopur ,Negative Blood Donor in Sikar, Negative Blood Donor in Sirohi ,Negative Blood Donor in Sri Ganganagar, Negative Blood Donor in Tonk ,Negative Blood Donor in Udaipur Negative Blood Donor in Ahmednagar ,Negative Blood Donor in Akola ,Negative Blood Donor in Amravati ,Negative Blood Donor in Aurangabad ,Negative Blood Donor in Beed ,Negative Blood Donor in Bhandara ,Negative Blood Donor in Buldhana ,Negative Blood Donor in Chandrapur, Negative Blood Donor in Dhule , Negative Blood Donor in Gadchiroli ,Negative Blood Donor in Gondia ,Negative Blood Donor in Hingoli ,Negative Blood Donor in Jalgaon ,Negative Blood Donor in Jalna ,Negative Blood Donor in Kolhapur ,Negative Blood Donor in Latur ,Negative Blood Donor in Mumbai City ,Negative Blood Donor in Mumbai Suburban ,Negative Blood Donor in Nagpur ,Negative Blood Donor in Nanded ,Negative Blood Donor in Nandurbar ,Negative Blood Donor in Nashik ,Negative Blood Donor in Osmanabad ,Negative Blood Donor in Parbhani ,Negative Blood Donor in Pune ,Negative Blood Donor in Raigad ,Negative Blood Donor in Ratnagiri ,Negative Blood Donor in Sangli ,Negative Blood Donor in Satara ,Negative Blood Donor in Sindhudurg ,Negative Blood Donor in Solapur ,Negative Blood Donor in Thane ,Negative Blood Donor in Wardha ,Negative Blood Donor in Washim ,Negative Blood Donor in Yavatmal Negative Blood Donor in Ahmedabad ,Negative Blood Donor in Amreli ,Negative Blood Donor in Anand ,Negative Blood Donor in Banaskantha ,Negative Blood Donor in Bharuch, Negative Blood Donor in Bhavnagar, Negative Blood Donor in Dahod ,Negative Blood Donor in Dang, Negative Blood Donor in Gandhinagar ,Negative Blood Donor inJamnagar ,Negative Blood Donor in Junagadh ,Negative Blood Donor in Kheda ,Negative Blood Donor in Kutch ,Negative Blood Donor in Mehsana, Negative Blood Donor in Narmada ,Negative Blood Donor in Navsari ,Negative Blood Donor in Panchmahals, Negative Blood Donor in Patan, Negative Blood Donor in Porbandar, Negative Blood Donor in Rajkot, Negative Blood Donor in Sabarkantha, Negative Blood Donor in Surat ,Negative Blood Donor in Surendranagar, Negative Blood Donor in Vadodara ,Negative Blood Donor in ValsadNegative Blood Donor in Bankura, Negative Blood Donor in Bardhaman ,Negative Blood Donor in Birbhum ,Negative Blood Donor in Cooch Behar, Negative Blood Donor in Darjeeling East, Negative Blood Donor in Medinipur ,Negative Blood Donor in Hooghly, Negative Blood Donor in Howrah ,Negative Blood Donor in Jalpaiguri ,Negative Blood Donor in Malda ,Negative Blood Donor in Murshidabad ,Negative Blood Donor in Nadia North ,Negative Blood Donor in 24 Parganas ,Negative Blood Donor in North Dinajpur, Negative Blood Donor in Purulia ,Negative Blood Donor in South 24 Parganas ,Negative Blood Donor in South Dinajpur ,Negative Blood Donor in West Medinipur ,Negative Blood Donor in Bankura Bardhaman ,Negative Blood Donor

Are you Negative Blood Donor in Himachal Pradesh India , Please Join RareBloodGroups.Org

Are you Negative Blood Donor in Andhra Pradesh India , Please Join RareBloodGroups.Org

Are you Negative Blood Donor in Andhra Pradesh India , Please Join RareBloodGroups.Org

PLEASE VISIT WWW.RAREBLOODGROUPS.ORG

Imagine some unfortunate disaster happen here in the city like Earth Quakes in Gujrat and Kashmir or any other . Are we ready of face the same .

We have started a new support group for RH Negative Blood Types & Rare Blood Groups.

Rare Blood is just like all other Blood, and will not cause you any problem at all unless you need a transfusion.

The goal of the our new website RareBloodGroups.Org is to maintain an up-to-date registry of all donors with rare blood types i.e AB Negative Blood , B Negative Blood, O Negative Blood, A Negative Blood and Bombay Blood Group so that any patient in need can quickly be transfused with blood that is safe for him or her.

Please visit this website at

http://www.rarebloodgroups.org

Marjor Districts and Towns where we are looking for Rh Negative Blood Donors i.e AB Negative Blood , B Negative Blood, O Negative Blood, A Negative Blood and Bombay Blood Group ( Rare Blood Groups )

Adilabad Anantapur Chittoor Cuddapah East Godavari Guntur Hyderabad Karimnagar Khammam Krishna Kurnool Mahabubnagar Medak Nalgonda Nellore Nizamabad Prakasam Rangareddy Srikakulam Visakhapatnam Vizianagaram Warangal West Godavari Negative Blood Donor in Adilabad, Negative Blood Donor in Anantapur, Negative Blood Donor in Chittoor ,Negative Blood Donor in Cuddapah ,Negative Blood Donor in East Godavari, Negative Blood Donor in Guntur ,Negative Blood Donor in Hyderabad ,Negative Blood Donor in Karimnagar, Negative Blood Donor in Khammam ,Negative Blood Donor in Krishna ,Negative Blood Donor in Kurnool ,Negative Blood Donor in Mahabubnagar, Negative Blood Donor in Medak ,Negative Blood Donor in Nalgonda, Negative Blood Donor in Nellore, Negative Blood Donor in Nizamabad , Negative Blood Donor in Prakasam ,Negative Blood Donor in Rangareddy, Negative Blood Donor in , Negative Blood Donor in Srikakulam, Negative Blood Donor in Visakhapatnam ,Negative Blood Donor in Vizianagaram, Negative Blood Donor in Warangal ,Negative Blood Donor in West Godavari,

Thursday, May 1, 2008

What is Bombay Blood Group ?Rare Blood Group “Bombay (Oh) Phenotype : RareBloodGroups.Org

Of the hereditary conditions of blood, theblood group serology plays an important role inthe transfusion medicine. The discovery of a rareblood group, “Bombay phenotype” in threeunrelated individuals in Mumbai (formerlyBombay) by Bhende et al. (1952) was importantin the field of immunohematology. The discoverylater helped Watkins and Morgan (1959) andGerard et al. (1982) to elucidate biosyntheticpathway for ABH and Lewis (Le) antigens,suggesting that secretor (Se) and H are closelylinked structural genes. Recently, moleculargenetics studies were carried out to determinethe role of the H, Se, and Le genes in theexpression of H antigen in secretions and Lewisblood group antigen on erythrocytes (Kanekoet al. 1997; Oriol et al. 2000).It is important to be cautious in predictingthe ABO blood type of children based on thephenotypes of their parents. This is due to thefact that a third antigen (H) on the surface of redcells can prevent the expected ABO blood typefrom occurring. Normally, if an A blood typemother has an O type child, the father is expectedto be type O or at least to carry the O allele (OO,AO, or BO genotype). The child has inherited anO allele from both parents. However, an O bloodtype child can also be born to parents who donot have the O allele if a recessive form of theallele for the H antigen also is inherited from bothparents.

The H antigen is a precursor to the Aand B antigens. For instance, the B allele must bepresent to produce the B enzyme that modifiesthe H antigen to become the B antigen. It is alsotrue for the A allele. However, if only recessivealleles for the H antigen are inherited (hh), the Hantigen will not be produced. Subsequently, theA and B antigens also will not be produced. Theresult is an O phenotype by default since thelack of A and B antigens is the O type. Thisimpossible phenotype has been referred to as aBombay (Oh) phenotype.The present study was designed with thefollowing objectives: i). To detect and identifythe rare blood groups like Bombay (Oh)phenotype, if any in the tribes of Orissa; ii).Todiscuss the data on Bombay phenotype in thelight of earlier studies from India.BOMBAY PHENOTYPEThe gene interactions come across instanceswhere a novel phenotype does not appear butan effect caused by one gene pair interferes withor hides an effect caused by another gene pair.This type of interaction is called epistasis andmay be considered the counterpart of dominancerelations between alleles (when one allelemodifies or hides the effect of another allele atthe same gene pair). Epistasis may be caused bythe presence of homozygous recessives at onegene pair. This pattern of epistatic interactioncan also be seen in humans, where theappearance of detectable ABO blood typeantigens has been shown to depend upon thepresence of H gene. The ABO gene is located onchromosome 9(9q34.1). The other traitsassociated with genes on chromosome 9 aregalactosemia, nail-patella syndrome, andxeroderma pigmentosa. An individual who ishomozygous for the very rare recessive h allele,shows no such antigens and is phenotypicallyof blood type O (Bombay phenotype). The Hgene is responsible for the attachment of certainsubterminal sugars to those polysaccharidesupon which the terminal sugars attach themselvesas specified by the ABO genes. Thus, homo-zygous (hh) individuals lack the polysaccharideorganisation for terminal sugar attachment and,therefore, appear to lack ABO blood typeantigens, although they do not lack ABO genes(Strickberger 1999).The existence of a human H/h geneticpolymorphism was first established by thediscovery in India (Bombay) of an individualdevoid of the H antigen on red cells, who hadantibodies in plasma reacting with all the cellsexhibiting the normal red cell ABO phenotypes(Bhende et al. 1952). However, this H deficient orBombay phenotype was rare, since it occurred inabout one in 10,000 individuals in India and oneper one million individuals in Europe. Morerecently, a large series of H deficient individuals(~1:1000) was found in a small French Island 800kmeast of Madagascar, in the Indian Ocean, calledReunion Island (Le Pendu et al. 1983). Two distinctphenotypes were found, the classical Bombayphenotype among Tamoul Indian immigrantfamilies and a new, partially deficient phenotype,called the “Reunion” phenotype. The twophenotypes resulted from products, or lack ofproducts, of two different alleles of FUT1 andFUT2 genes (Le Pendu et al. 1983 ); the same andalso additional alleles of both FUT1 and FUT2were documented in other populations,particularly, in Japan, where the incidence ofBombay and para-Bombay individuals wasshown to be 1-2 in 300,000 (Kaneko et al. 1997).In Taiwan, para-Bombay phenotype has afrequency of 1:8000 (Yu et al. 1997).The mutational analysis has revealed that theBombay phenotype fails to express the ABHantigens of ABO blood group system on redblood cells and in secretions because of a lack inactivities of the H gene (FUT1)- and Secretorgene (FUT2)-encoded alpha (1,2) fucosyl-transferases (Koda et al. 1997). In this study, theyexamined the FUT1 and the FUT2 from threeunrelated Indian individuals with the Bombayphenotype and found to be homozygous for aT725G mutation in the coding region of the FUT1,which inactivated the enzyme activity. Further,they could not detect any hybridized bandcorresponding to the FUT2 by Southern blotanalysis using the catalytic domain of the FUT2as probe, indicating that the three individualswere homozygous for a gene deletion in the FUT2.These results suggested that the T725G mutationof FUT1 and the gene deletion of FUT2 areresponsible for the classical Indian Bombayphenotype. Later studies (Fernandez-Mateos etal. 1998) have pointed out that the Indian red cellH null Bombay phenotype depends on a newmutation of the FUT1 gene, i.e. T725G changingLeu242→Arg. Their salivary nonsecretorphenotype is secondary to a complete deletionof the FUT2 gene. The red cell H weak Reunionphenotype depends on another new mutation ofFUT1, C349→T, which induces a change ofHis117→Tyr. Their salivary nonsecretorphenotype is due to the known Caucasianinactivating mutation G428→A (Fernandez-Mateos et al. 1998).There is the possibility of linkage disequili-brium of FUT1 and FUT2 genes. The two geneslie in close proximity on chromosome 19q13.3.There is co-existence of unique sets of mutationsin FUT1 and FUT2, each set occurring inindividuals of a certain ethnic group. Thus inIndia, the FUT1 mutation 725T>G travels almostalways (one exception) with a total deletion ofFUT2; in Reunion Island (Caucasian), the majorinactivating mutation of FUT1 or 349C>T, travelsalmost always with the inactivating mutation ofFUT2 or 428G>A; and the main Orientalinactivating mutations of FUT1 travel almostalways with the wild type FUT2 (Fernandez-Mateos et al. 1998).After the first report of Oh phenotype fromMumbai (formerly Bombay) in 1952 by Bhendeand coworkers, several other workers detectedthis peculiar phenotype in India (Simmons andD’senna 1955; Roy et al. 1957) and also in theEuropean countries (Alosia et al. 1961; Aust etal. 1962). Later on, it was found that many of theEuropean cases, which were initially labelled astypical Bombay phenotypes, turned out to bepara Bombay phenotypes after absorption elution
The most striking finding of the present studywas the detection of two unrelated cases ofBombay (Oh) phenotype in the primitive tribe,Kutia Kondh from the Belghar area of Phulbanidistrict in Orissa. No case of Bombay phenotypehas ever been reported among the primitive tribesfrom the state of Orissa and this is the first suchreport from Central East part of India. Thedifficulty in Bombay phenotype is that theindividual having blood group of Bombayphenotype (Oh) can only receive blood from anindividual of Bombay phenotype and no otherblood will match in case of an emergency forblood transfusion.The present study shows an incidence ofBombay phenotype 1 in 33 among the KutiaKondh tribe, 1 in 127 among Kondh tribe and 1 in1,244 among the tribal populations of Orissa.Since the population size of Kutia Kondh tribewas relatively small (around 5000 individuals) andthe practice of endogamy is strictly followed,therefore, the inbreeding and consanguinityamongst them is not ruled out which may be oneof the major factors for the combination ofrecessive rare alleles like Bombay phenotypeamong the Kutia Kondh tribe. Bhatia and Sanghvi(1962) calculated the incidence of this phenotypeFig.1. Map of India showing different statesas 1 in 13000 individuals in Mumbai. Later on,Bhatia and Sathe (1974) found its incidence as 1in 7600 after screening a large number of samplesin Mumbai. Gorakshakar et al. (1987) aftersystematic screening of the rural population fromRatnagiri and Sindhudurg districts ofMaharashtra reported the incidence of Bombayphenotype as 1 in 4500 in that region, whileMoores (1980) found its incidence as 1 in 18404amongst Indians settled in South Africa.Regarding the distribution and spread ofBombay phenotype in different states of India,the Oh phenotype is more common in state ofWestern and Southern parts of India as comparedto other states (Fig. 1). Of the 179 cases reportedby Sathe et al. (1988) from the Institute ofImmunohematology (formerly Blood GroupReference Centre, Bombay), Mumbai, 112 (62.6%)cases belonged to the state of Maharashtra alone.The frequency was also high in Karnataka (14cases), Andhra Pradesh (8 cases), Goa (6 cases),Gujarat (5 cases), Uttar Pradesh (5 cases) and soon in the decreasing order.The incidence ofBombay phenotype is high in those states ofIndia where the consanguineous marriages aremore prevalent, i.e. Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu,Karnataka, Maharashtra, Gujarat, etc. than theother states The Bombay phenotypes were also detectedin Japan (Okubo 1980; Kaneko et al. 1997),Malaysia (Lopez, 1972), Thailand (Sringarm et al.1977) and Sri Lanka (De Zoysa 1985). Yunis et al.(1969) found seven individuals of Oh phenotypein two generations in an Indian family settled inthe USA. They were the natives of Orissa state.Similarly, Moores (1980) found 24 cases of Ohphenotypes in eleven unrelated Indian familiessettled in Natal, South Africa. Most of thesefamilies were either Tamil or Telugu speaking.Therefore, their origin presumed to be AndhraPradesh or Tamil Nadu. This indicates that theBombay phenotype is mostly confined to South-East Asian countries.Further molecular and mutational research isrequired on Bombay phenotype regarding theevolutionary significance and the operation ofnatural selection among the Kutia Kondhprimitive tribe of India.

To Register Youself a Bombay Blood Type or Any Rare Blood Type , Please visit www.rarebloodgroups.org

How rare is your rarest blood group? AB -ve , B -ve , O -ve or A -ve ?

Blood donors are needed throughout the year. However, the need is felt more in the case of rare blood groups such as B negative, AB positive and AB negative. If the statistics available are any indication, it will send jitters. According to information available, the approximate
distribution of blood types universally is: O Rh-positive 38%, O Rh-negative 7%, A Rh-positive 34%, A Rh-negative 6%, B Rh-positive 9%, B Rh-negative 2%, AB Rh-positive 3% and AB Rh-negative 1%. However, the specific distribution may be different for specific racial and ethnic groups.

Given the scale of distribution of blood groups one can easily find out the number of people of particular blood type living in twin cities. Twin cities with a population of 60 lakh people (on conservative note) have approximately 22.8 lakh O Rh-positive, 4.2 lakh O Rh-negative, 20.4 lakh A Rh-positive, 3.6 lakh A Rh-negative, 5.4 lakh B Rh-positive, 1.2 lakh B Rh-negative, 1.8 lakh AB Rh-positive and 0.6 lakh AB Rh-negative blood type people.

What if some patients urgently require blood types found in only one in one hundred donors? Especially in case of heart surgeries each patient needs 6 units of blood.

The very thought of such situation is very scary. Because of this reason, Now We are trying their best to identify donors who have these rare blood types and ask them to enlist Rare Blood Donors Website , ( www.rarebloodgroups.org ) a free service which family members of the patients can utilise when they need voluntary blood donors for emergency surgeries. Such donors can give their personal details such as Name, Blood Group, address, contact telephone, mobile number and email

Wednesday, April 30, 2008

world blood donors day 2008 , Delhi's Walk for Life

Millions of people owe their lives to people they will never meet – people who donate their blood freely and without any reward. However, the overwhelming majority of the world’s population do not have access to safe blood. Over 80 million units of blood are donated every year, but only 38% are collected in developing countries where 82% of the global population live.

In addition, many countries remain dependent on donation by the families or friends of patients who require blood and, in some countries, blood donors still receive payment.Yet evidence from around the world demonstrates that voluntary unpaid donors are the foundation of a safe blood supply because they are least likely to transmit potentially life-threatening infections, such as HIV and hepatitis viruses, to the recipients of their blood. It is to these unsung heroes that World Blood Donor Day is dedicated.

World Blood Donor Day builds on the success of World Health Day 2000 which was devoted to the theme ‘Blood Saves Lives. Safe Blood Starts With Me. The enthusiasm and energy with which this day was celebrated indicated that there would be a positive response to an opportunity to give thanks to the millions of people who give the precious gift of life. It also builds on International Blood Donor Day organized annually by the International Federation of Blood Donor Organizations since 1995.

The event on 14 June 2005 is not intended to replace events such as national Blood Donor Days, but provides a special opportunity for a united, global celebration on a day that has particular significance: the birthday of Karl Landsteiner, the Nobel prize winner who discovered the ABO blood group system.

While it is hoped that World Blood Donor Day will create wider awareness of the importance of voluntary blood donation and encourage more people to become regular blood donors, the purpose is not to attract a big influx of new donors on 14 June. Rather, it is designed to celebrate and thank those individuals who voluntarily donate their blood without any reward, except the knowledge that they have helped to save lives, particularly those who give blood on a regular basis two, three or more times each year. It is our hope that a new generation of blood donors will follow their example, providing the safest blood possible for use wherever and whenever it is needed to save life.Youth will therefore be the focus of the day.

The day will also provide an opportunity to highlight the fact that voluntary non-remunerated blood donors are the foundation of a safe blood supply because they are associated with significantly lower levels of infections that can be transmitted by transfusion, including HIV and hepatitis viruses. Screening for transfusion-transmissible infections is essential, but the safest donations come from the safest donors.

14 June has been selected as World Blood Donor Day by three major organizations working for voluntary non-remunerated blood donation: the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies, the International Federation of Blood Donor Organizations and the International Society of Blood Transfusion.These organizations have been joined by the World Health Organization, which is co-sponsoring the event. Between them, they represent 192 Member States, 181 national Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies, 50 national voluntary blood donor organizations and blood transfusion specialists throughout the world.

The sponsoring organizations have established a Steering Committee to plan activities at global and regional level to support national activities, including:
Global media campaign before and on 14 June 2008
Media pack for use as a basis for national media campaigns
Campaign kit containing ideas for World Blood Donor Day activities
Dedicated website containing:
–News about global, regional and national campaigns and activitie
–Examples of resources from individual countries, including TV and radio spots, slogans, donor education leaflets, posters,T-shirt designs, badges and stickers
–Resources for donor education and recognition that can be freely adapted at country level
–Publications from sponsoring organizations
Regular bulletins on preparations for World Blood Donor Day
Advocacy to support the development of national blood donor recruitment and retention programs
Training courses and materials for blood donor organizers and recruiters
And a special focus on successful youth peer education and promotion programs that attract large numbers of young voluntary non-remunerated blood donors who pledge not only to donate blood regularly, but also to adopt safe, healthy lifestyles to protect their own health.

During the period of preparation for World Blood Donor Day, the website will be regularly updated. We invite you to contribute to the global celebration of voluntary blood donors by sharing your own ideas, resource materials and plans for activities through the website or direct communication with the co-sponsoring organizations. Information on the impact of World Health Day 2000 and follow-up activities will be particularly welcome.

World Blood Donor Day provides a unique opportunity to give thanks to those very special people who provide the foundation of a safe blood supply, available to all patients requiring transfusion.We urge you to join with others in the global community in making 14 June 2008 an event to remember.

Friday, April 25, 2008

Are you RH Negative Blood Type in Delhi , Rare Blood Groups Donors are ready to help

I support , Sheila Dixit said to all rare blood group donors of Delhi , Are you rare blood type please visit to www.rarebloodgroups.org today

Thursday, April 3, 2008

Blood Banks in Calcutta : Kolkata Blood Banks

Blood Banks in Calcutta
The Ultimate Yellow Pages Site Launched in Calcutta ! ... Lions District 322 B Blood Bank 27/8A, Waterloo Street, Kolkata - 700 069 Phone : 2248 5778 /

Kolkata :: Services :: Emergency Service :: Medical :: Blood Bank
Calcutta Blood Bank · Calcutta Medical Research Institute · Central Blood Bank · Dreamland Nursing Home · Next 10 Records. Online Utilities.

Blood Banks in Kolkata, Calcutta, West Bengal - Yellow pages India ...
list the company, institution, organization, shops etc in Kolkata, Calcutta, West Bengal, India like , Association Of Voluntary Blood Donors,

Calcutta (Kolkata) Blood Banks West Bengal, India Blood Banks ...
Browse through a database of Blood Banks (Blood Bank), Oxygen. Discover the Blood Banks of Calcutta (Kolkata) in the state of West Bengal in India.

Different Blood Banks in West Bengal

Blood Banks in Kolkata - Red Cross Blood Banks in Kolkata - Blood ...
Blood Banks in Kolkata - Here's guide to blood banks at your nearest place in Kolkata. This page provides you the information about latest addresses of ...kolkata.clickindia.com/health/bloodbanks.html - 39k - Cached - Similar pages
Kolkata.net » Blood Bank
Central Blood Bank. Calcutta. Phone/Fax:2351 0619. Dimond Park Nursing Home. Joka, Calcutta. Phone/Fax:2467 1741. Indian Association Of Blood Cancer ...kolkata.net/cms/healthcare/bloodbank-calcutta-kolkata/ - 16k - Cached - Similar pages
City Guide Kolkata - Health- Blood Banks - India
Category: Blood Banks Total found 27 List 0 to 10 Next 10 Matches >>> ... Universal Blood Bank 1, RG KAR Road, Shyambazar, Kolkata- 700004 ...www.webindia123.com/.../calcutta/list_all.asp?action=Health-+Blood+Banks&cat=Health&dcat=Blood+Banks - 56k - Cached - Similar pages
City Guide Kolkata - Community- Blood Banks - India
Kolkata CommunityCommunity- Blood Banks. City Guide · Introduction · City Map · Travel · Tourism · Picture Gallery · Business · Commerce · Community ...www.webindia123.com/.../list_all.asp?action=Community-+Blood+Banks&cat=Community&dcat=Blood+Banks - 51k - Cached - Similar pages
Kolkata Beckons: Blood Banks of Kolkata (Calcutta)
Calcutta Blood Bank, 186, Rash Behari Avenue, Kolkata 700 029, 24743552 ... Popular Blood Bank, 69B, Amherst Street, Kolkata 700 009 ...

Blood Banks in Mumbai

Adarsh Laboratory67/ 541 Motilal Nagar1Goregaon (W)Ambika Blood BankK.K. Smruti Apt.New Maneklal EstateGhatkopar (W) Mumbai 400 086Ph. 25124322Ambaji Blood BankArjun CentreGovandi Station Rd.Mumbai 400 088Ph. 25507553 / 25507555Amit Biological Blood BankDewan & Sons Indl. Est. No.6NavgharVasai Rd (E) 401210 Ph. 0250-2334092Anviksha Pathological Laboratory Blood BankM. G.RoadGhatkopar (E)Mumbai 400 077Ph. 25136290Asher Pathology LabBorivali (W) Ashirwad LabA 2/ 6 Indradhanushya CHSM.G RoadGoregaon (W)Ashirwad Blood BankDadar T.TMumbai 400 014 Ph. 24154826
Atish Clinic14th Road Bandra (W)Mumbai 400050Balaji Blood BankManas MotiBehind Dindoshi Bus DepotMalad (E)Mumbai 400 097Ph. 28412451Bandra Holly Family Hospital Society Blood BankBandra (W)Mumbai 400 050Ph. 26408857 / 26421992BARC Hospital Blood Bank * AnushaktinagarMumbai 400 094Ph. 25563137 – 40 Ext. 337 / 338 / 339Bhabha Municipal Hospital * R.K Patkar MargWater FieldBandra (W)Mumbai 400 050 Ph. 26422541/ 42 Ext. 4103Bhakti Vedant Hospital & Blood BankShristhi ComplexMira Road (E) 401 107 Bhatia General Hospital Blood BankChikhalwadiJ. Dadaji RoadTardeoMumbai 400 034 Ph. 56660000, 56660666Bhiwandi Blood BankA’ Hera Shopping CenterBhiwandiThane 421 302 Ph. 02522-258065Bombay Hospital Trust Blood Bank * 12 New Marine LinesMumbai 400 020Ph. 22067676 Ext 215Borivali Blood BankVitthal Apt.Near Ram MandirBorivali (W) Mumbai 400103Karmayogi: Mr. Bipin.C.DoshiPh. 28010058, 28935219B.P.T Blood BankAntop HillNadkarni ParkWadala (E)Mumbai 400031Breach Candy Hospital and Research Centre * Bulabhai Desai RoadMumbai 400 026Ph. 23633651,2368 5406B.Y.L Nair Hospital * Dr. A.L. Nair RoadMumbai CentralMumbai 400008Ph. 23098150, 23081490-99 Ext 633 Cama & Albless Hospital Blood Bank *Mahapalika MargFortMumbai 400001 Ph. 22611648, 22620388Central Hospital Blood BankUlhasnagar Thane 421003Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj RugnalayaNear Kalwa Bus Dept. Kalwa ThaneTel: 25372774, 25372775Category: Blood DonationNotes: Organises blood donationChinmayanand Charitable Trust Blood BankShastrinagarDombivali (W) 421 202Civil Hospital (Vitthat Sayanna) Blood BankTembhi NakaThane (W) 400 601 Ph. 25471541 ext. 245Cottage HospitalJawahar 401 603Thane 02520-222407Cooper Hospital Vile Parle Ph. 26207254, 26207256, 26207257Cumballa Hill Hospital Blood Bank * 93/ 95 August Kranti MaidanA.C.F ThalMumbai 400 036Ph. 23803336, 23803674
Day & Night Lakeside Nursing HomeFracture & Orthopeadic HospitalAbove LIC,S. V RoadBandra (W)Desai Blood Bank2 Mulphul BaugKhar ColonyAbove Post OfficeS.V. RoadKhar (W) Mumbai 400 052Ph. 26000089Diagno Lab14/ 414 Siddhartha NagarGoregaon (W)Dr. B A Memorial (Central Rlway) Hospital Blood Bank * Byculla (E)Mumbai 400 027Ph. 23791964Dr. Bharat KansariaSamrat Bldg.Opp. Vyas ClassesBajaj Road Kandivli (W) Dr. Dharpure Blood Bank489, Edenwala RoadMatungaMumbai 400019Ph. 24091603, 24092013Dr. Khandwalkar's LabHiren Shopping Centre Jnc.Off. S. V Road and M.G RoadGoregaon (W)Dr. Kirti Shah Path Lab6 Dilkhush Bldg.32 S. V RoadSantacruz (W)Dr. Mahesh MehtaKesar KunjVasanji Lalji RoadKandivli (W)Dr. Neelam BatraKannaya Bldg. Linking RoadBandra (W)Dr. Phadke's LabAdrash PolyclinicJaykar SmritiAarey RoadGoregaon (W)Dr. Patkar Blood BnkNirman Vyapar Kendra Sector 17Turbhe 400705Ph. 27890771Dr. Patel LabD-101 Rizvi NagarS. V Road Santacruz (W)Mumbai
Dr. Shetty Clinic14th RoadBandra (W)MumbaiDr Vasheleva SanzganiRoseland Bldg. Nanubhai JewellersWaterfield RoadBandra (W)D.S.Kotharia Hospital Blood BankC.P .Tank RoadMumbai 400 004Ph. 22420957E.S.I.S Hospital * WorliMumbai 400 018Ph. 24932390, 24933142, 24933143, Ext. 215E.S.I.S Hospital MulundMumbaiPh. 25645521 E.S.I.S Hospital Blood BankAkurli RoadKandivali (E)Mumbai 400 101 Ph. 28877766, 28874529, 28877768
Ganjawala LabBorivali (W)G.T.Hospital Blood Bank *L. T HospitalL.T Tilak Marg.Crawford MarketMumbai 400 001 Ph. 2621464, 22620560, 22690369Greencross Immuno Blood BankKamleshwarTagore Rd. Santracruz (W)Mumbai 400 054 Ph. 26493700, 26497968Haematology LaboratoryParekh House14 Mama Parmanand MargMumbai 400004Ph. 23691297Haffkin InstituteParelPh. 24164350Haji Jamal Medical Centre25 S. V RoadSantacruz (W)Harkisandas Nurottamdas Hospital Blood Bank *Prathana SamajMumbai 400 004Ph. 23884015, 23855555, 23808932Harilal Bhagwati Municipal Hospital Blood BankS.V.P Rd. Borivali (W)Mumbai 400 092 Ph. 28932461, 28932463 Ext. 105
Health Care for ChildrenDeeplaxmi Bldg. S. V RoadKhar (W)Hinduja National Hospital & Medical ResearchVeer Savarkar RoadMumbai 400 016Ph. 24452222, 24451515, 24447752Hi-tech Blood Transfusion And Allied ServicesSainath Rd.Malad (W)Mumbai 400 064Ph. 28886484Holy Family Hospital51 Andrews RoadBandra (W)Mumbai 400050Holy Spirit Hospital Blood Bank * Mahakali RoadAndheri (E)Mumbai 400 093 Ph. 28378822 / 28372748Indian Red Cross Soc. Blood Bank *Shahid Bhagat Singh MargMumbai 400 001Ph. 22663195, 22663560INHS Ashwini Blood BankColabaMumbai 400 005Ph. 22151666 Jain Clinic Blood BankKhadilkar RoadKandawadiGirgaonMumbai 400004Ph. 23829308, 23884866, 23820909Jaslok Hospital And Research Centre * Dr. G.Deshmukh MargMumbai 400 026 Ph. 24939595JVP Blood Bank Arenja ArcadeSector 17VashiNavi Mumbai 400705 Ph. 27894490, 27890185K.B. Bhabha HospitalBelgram RoadKurla (W)Mumbai 400 070 Ph. 26500241 Ext. 245K.E.M Hospital Blood Bank * Parel Mumbai 400 012Ph. 24136051,24131419, 24134977, 24135189, Ext-2016Fax: 24185678K J .Somaiya Blood Bank * SionMumbai 400 022Ph. 24090253Lilavati Hospital Blood BankBandra ReclamationBandra (W)Mumbai 400 050Ph. 26455891 Ext. 2223Lokmanya Tilak Municipal Hospital * SionMumbai 400 022Ph. 24076381, 24095099 Ext. 535Mahatma Gandhi Mission Hospital Blood BankSector-18KamotheNavi Mumbai 410209 Ph. 27422459, 27423002 ext 109 Makhecha Pathology & Blood BankNear Collector's OfficeThane 400601 Ph. 25341929, 25330153Malti Mohan Jeevak Trust Blood BankSai KunjJeevak HospitalDadar (E) Mumbai 400014Manav Seva SanghaDahisar (E)MumbaiM.T Agarwal Municipal General Hosp. Blood Bank * Dr. R.P RoadMulund (W) Mumbai 400080Ph. 25640767, 25605730, 25605727, 25605729Mumbai Port Trust Hospital Blood Bank * Nadkarni ParkWadala (E) Mumbai 400037Ph. 24145100 M. G. MemorialLalbaugPh. 24132575M. V Medical Centre102/ D Rizvi NagarSantacruz (W)National Plasma Fractionation Center7th Flr,New Bldg, K E M HospitalParel 400012Ph. 24163877Nanavati Hospital Blood Bank * Vile Parle (W)Mumbai 400056Ph. 26182262, 26182255Navjeevan Blood BankNext to Dr. Mhaskar HospitalNaupadaThane 400602 Ph. 25400425, 25383162Navi Mumbai Municipal Corporation Hospital Blood BankSector- 10Vashi, 400201 Ph. 27899901-05 ex 374N Wadia Maternity Hospital * Acharya Dhonde MargParelMumbai 400012Ph. 24146963, 2414 6964Padhe's Lab1/ 56 Smriti Bldg.4th RoadTilak NagarGoregaon (W)Pali Nursing HomeC 94 Pali RoadBandra (W)Paras Pathological Laboratory And Blood BankMalbar HillMumbai 400006Ph. 23631017Parkview Nursing HomeRizvi ParkSantacruz (W)Parsi Gen. Hospital Blood BankB. Desai RoadMumbai 400026Ph. 23633641Patang Shah Cottage Hospital Blood BankJawaharThane 402603 Petit Parsee General Hospital Blood Bank * B Petit MargCumballa RoadMumbai 400036 Ph. 23685350Plasma Diagnostic Laboratory & Blood BankKalyan RoadDombivali (E)Thane 421201 Pooja Blood BankAroto House P K RoadNr. Mulund Telephone ExchangeMulund (W)Mumbai 400080Ph. 25693688 Prince Ali khan Hospital Blood Bank * Aga HallNesbit RoadMazgaonMumbai 400010Rajawadi Municipal Hospital Blood Bank * RajawadiGhatkopar (E)Mumbai 400 077 Ph. 25094149-53, Ext. 381Rashmi Blood BankGhatkopar 400 077 Ph. 25135643, 25135267
Revival ICCU Nursing HomePlot No 236 SudhamPoliclinic 27th RoadBandra (W)R. N. Cooper Municipal General Hospital Blood Bank * JuhuMumbai 400 056Ph. 26207254,56,57, Ext. 263Samarpan Blood Bank * Swashraya Bidg.Hingwala LaneGhatkopar (E) Mumbai 400 077 Ph. 25111313, 25100100Sankalp Blood BankRiddhi Siddhi Appt.Murbad Rd.Kalyan (W) Thane 421304Sarla Blood Bank50 Anand NagarVeer Savarkar NagarNavgharVasai (W) 401 202 Thane. Ph. 0250-2332684Sarla Nursing HomeDattatray RoadSantacruz (W)Sarvoday Lab6/41 Unnath Nagar-3M.G RoadGoragaon (W)Sarvodaya Hosp. Blood BankRiffle RangeL.B.S MargGhatkopar (W)MumbaiPh. 25152332, 25152237Sewree T. B Blood BankJerbaiwadia RoadSewreeMumbai 400015Ph. 24146993, 24127015Shanti Nursing HomeBlue Fame Aptt.S. V RoadOpp. Jama MasjidBandra (W)Sion Hospital Blood Bank Sion Ph. 24076381 24076389 Sir.J.J Groups of Hospitals Blood Bank *BycullaMumbal 400 008Ph. 23739400, 23735555, Ext. 2248Sri Satya Sai Blood BankPatkar BuildingPatkar RoadDombivli (E) 421 201 St. George's Hospital Blood Bank *Regional Blood BankNear C S TMumbai 400 001 Tel: 22620344, 22620242, 22620248Sushilaben R Mehta & Sir Kikabai P Cardiac Blood Bank * Near Gandhi Mkt.Mumbai 400 022Ph. 24035455-59Suvarna HospitalShimpoliBorivali (W)
Swami Vivekanand Medical Mission’s Sanjivani Blood BankVirar (W) 401 303 Ph. 250-2502284 / 5029 Tata Blood BankJ.J HospitalByculla (W)Mumbai 400008Ph. 23756153, 23735555Tata Memorial Hospital Blood Bank * Dr. E. Borges MargParelMumbai 400012Ph. 24149750, 24161413, 24170000, 24127096Thane Small Scale Industries Asso. Blood BankWagle EstateThane (W) 400 602 Ph. 25803263Tishiya Blood BankTishya HouseWagle Industrial Estate Road No 16Thane (W) 400604Ph. 25971196, 25803263Vishal Pathalogical Centre & Blood BankNear Nehru ChowkiUlhasnagarThane 421002
Vaidya's (Chetna) Blood BankVijay NiwasM.G.RoadNaupadaThane (W) 400 602 Ph. 25406460, 25380787Vaidya (Chetna) Blood & Component Pvt. Ltd.B.K.Sandhu MargChembur (E)Mumbai 400071V N Desai Municipal General Hospital * Santacruz (E)Mumbai 400 055 Ph. 26183018 Ext 143
Wadia Blood BankJerbaiwadia RoadParelMumbai 400012Ph. 24169809, 24129786, 24147843

Sunday, March 30, 2008

RH Negative Blood

Visit www.rarebloodgroups.org , if you are rare or negative blood type .

Nearly 85% of all human beings have RH positive blood. Their red blood cells contain a substance called the RHesus blood factor. This means the positive blood contains a protein that can be traced to the Rhesus monkey. It is acknowledged that blood factors are transmitted with more exactitude than any other human or animal characteristic. It is not known from where the negative rh factor derived.

The highest concentration of RH negative blood occurs in the Basque people of Northern Spain and Southern France, and in the Eastern/Oriental Jews. Only 15% of the entire world's population are known to have the RH negative blood factor. While it is known that RH negative blood - (type 'O') is the purest blood known to mankind, it is not known from where the negative factor originates. The majority of people, especially the native people of the Americas have type 'O' blood, except the Blackfoot Indians who have 82% type A blood. These native people are the only tribe to have this high concentration of A blood - most other American Indians have 80% type 'O'. It is the rh negative factor that makes the blood 'pure'. Pure enough to be the universal blood of the world. Everyone on the face of the earth can receive rh negative type 'O' blood, but these very same 'O' negative people cannot receive blood from any other type except their own type. The three types are 'O', 'B', 'A' and a fourth - a combination of 'AB'.

Rh negative blood indicates no protein connections to the Rhesus monkey, whereas rh positive blood does carry protein linked to the Rhesus monkey - hence the 'rh', i.e. rhesus. Blood type 'O' is the most common. Blood type 'A' is next, and blood type 'B' is after that. Blood type 'AB' is the least common. It is very rare for even as many as 10 percent of a population to be of blood type 'AB'. When we seperate the types into 'negative' and 'positive' we find that 'O' negative (the universal donor blood) constitutes less than 7% of the world's population. Science at this very time is attempting to make the recipe for rh negative 'O' blood, but without success. The protein in positive blood can be cloned, but not so of the negative blood - which is quite interesting. If the rh negative factor does not derive from any known earthly link - from where did it originate? Perhaps Zechariah Sitchen would be able to tell us. He would no doubt say it is from the 'gods'. What the big boys say is that the rh-negative factor is a mutation of unknown origin which happened a few thousand years ago. These 'negative' blooded people spread heavily into the area of what is now Spain, England, Ireland, France and later into America, Canada and Australia. A faction of 'O' negative people can be found amongst the Basque peoples. They contain the largest concentration of known 'O' negative blooded people today because, they for the most part, have confined themselves to one area, whereas the Celtic people have branched out among all the new world.

It is evident that Adam and Eve had rhnegative blood - the type would have to be 'O', because Adam was created perfect and that would mean the 'purest' blood. Eve would definitely have the same blood as well. Eve's 'sin' was committing adultry with an 'outsider' (yes there were other humans on the earth when Adam and Eve were placed here). Eve's sin resulted in the birth of Cain - with positive blood - his father perhaps a Blackfoot Indian with 'A' positive type blood (see chart above). Descendants of Cain were sent out from Adam and Eve into the land of 'Nod' - (America?). Or maybe Cain's father was a 'Lapp' who again had A+ blood. Cain's family were sent into 'Nod' which could mean the extreme north - a good place to send Cain, and America wouldn't be much of a punishment. The Blackfoot Indians do have the highest concentration of 'A' blood, however. The descendants of Cain would have confined themselves from the outside races of people because they were 'marked' in some way and were fearful of death if they ventured out into the world.

Blood was, and still is, sacred to the God of Israel. When the Israelites were kept in the wilderness for forty years (a biblical generation), perhaps it was to cleanse their blood. After many years of inner-marriages with A+ and B+ blood types their once pure bloodline was becoming corrupt. This once 'clean' breed of people were instructed to marry only within the other Israelite tribes, thus preventing contamination of their blood line by producing only RH 'O' negative children. The Israelites were given a 'promise' land after their long quarantine in the wilderness, but only the younger generations were allowed to enter the promise land - those under the age of twenty who were born in the wilderness with two negative Israelite parents. When these younger Israelites were set free to go down to the promise land they were instructed not to marry outside their own tribes, and strict hygienic instructions were imposed upon them as well. But eventually the Israelites scattered in all directions marrying other than Israelite spouses, and the positive blood in all types soon took over and today 85% of humans are positive.

Source : Star Children

Saturday, March 29, 2008

if you are a negative blood type in an Asian country, you are in trouble

Negative Blood Group : Visit : www.rarebloodgroups.org

Let’s look at the relevance of the Rhesus negative blood group, and why it can be such a problem in this part of the world. When we type blood groups there are basically 2 factors to consider. The ABO type, and Rhesus type. Of the ABO type you could be A, B, AB, or O. Any of these groups may be Rhesus positive, or Rhesus negative. (E.g. Blood type A Rh Pos or A +). When we consider donors and recipients for transfusion, the following matches can be made:

A + may receive from A+, A-, O-, and may donate to A+.B + may receive from B+, B-, O-, and may donate to B+.

AB + may receive from A+, B+, AB+, O+, A-, B-, AB-, O-, and may donate to AB+.

O+ may receive from O+, O-, and may donate to O+.

A- may receive from A-, O-, and may donate to A-, A +.

B- may receive from B-, O-, and may donate to B-, B +.

AB- may receive from AB-, O-, and may donate to AB -, AB+.O- may receive from O-, and may donate to A-, A +, B-, B+, AB+, AB-, O-, & O+.

As you can see from this chart, if you could choose your blood group and you were a selfish person, I’d go for AB +. You can receive blood from anyone! If you considered yourself a generous person go for the O -, then you would be the “Universal donor”. This explains why O negative donors are so revered. A bleeding trauma patient can be saved with this blood as no timely cross matching is necessary.

So why the big hoo-ha about negative donors in Asia? The Caucasian (white) population averages about a 15 -25 % negative blood group type. The Asian population averages about 5%. So, if you are a negative blood type in an Asian country, you are in trouble.

The following categories of people should avoid donating blood:

visit : www.rarebloodgroups.org

1.Pregnant or lactating women, or those who have recently had an abortion.

2.Persons who are on steroids, hormonal supplements or certain specified medication.

3.Persons with multiple sexual partners or those who are addicted to drugs.

4.Persons who have had an attack of infection like jaundice,rubella,typhoid or malaria

5.Persons who have undergone surgery in the previous six months.

6.Persons who have consumed alcohol in the 48 hours prior to donation.

7.Women should avoid donation during their menstruating period.

8.Persons with any systemic disease like heart disease, kidney disease, liver problems, blood disorders or asthma should NOT donate blood.

8.Persons suffering from infections transmitted through transfusions like HIV, Hepatitis, Syphilis ect should not donate blood.

Who can Donate Blood ?

Who can Donate Blood ?
Any healthy person between the age of 18 and 60 years can be a blood donor provided he/she fulfills medical requirement which protect both donor and recipient. The blood bank doctor screens all donors.

It is advisable to eat something before your donation.

Exceptions:If you are anemic.If you are on medication.If you are a lactating mother .If you are a pregnant/menstruating.Any person in the high-risk group.

Who cannot donate ?
For three months to 1 year after surgery.(Depending upon type of surgery)For three months after malaria.If in doubt, consult the Blood Bank doctor on duty.

What happens to my unit of blood ?
After you donate, your blood is tested for HIV, Syphilis, Hepatitis, Malaria etc to be sure that it is safe as possible for a patient to receive.

Blood group and type are identified.
A blood group card is mailed to the donor
Before the blood is issued for transfusion, it is cross matched with the patient's blood
Donor's blood must match with that of the patient
You cannot get AIDS by donating blood

Is Donating Blood Painful ?

Donating Blood is not painful and is completely safe for the donor. It takes approximately 5 minutes to donate blood and about 10 minutes for post donating rest and refreshment. Only 350 to 450 ml blood is taken which gets replaced in the body within 24 hours.

We need all type. Which type are you ?

Main blood are A, B, AB, O, RH positive and RH negative.A substance called 'Rhesus factor' (Rh factor) is present in blood. Blood with the Rh factor in it is termed as positive. So a donor of 'A' group with the Rh factor present is 'A+' while a person without the Rh factor is 'A neg.'. It is important that the Rh factor matches while giving blood to a patient. A, B & AB can sometimes have subgroup. O group may sometimes be of a rare type called Bombay Pheno -type. 95% is of India's population is Rh+. only about 5% is Rh negative.

How can human blood save lives ?

To Replace blood loss and to treat shock
in victims of accidents and burns
for those having major surgery
To exchange blood in babies
when they have severe jaundice

What's involved in giving blood ?

Registration
At the reception counter, you fill up a form and answer some questions.
Medical Screening
You are weighed, your blood pressure is checked and your hemoglobin level is also checked to make sure that you can give blood.
Blood donation
Sit back and relax during your donation.

What is blood component ?

Red Blood Cells
They contain hemoglobin, a substance responsible for carrying oxygen to the body tissues. Loss of Red Blood Cells, which can occur due to many causes, results in inadequate amount of oxygen being supplied to the body's tissues.
Uses: Concentrated Red Blood Cells are used for treating various types of anemia which do not respond to drug therapy. For example, victims of accidents who suffer major blood loss, patients having bleeding disorders, kidney disorders and for major surgeries.

White Blood CellsThey are known as leucocytes. White Blood Cells are the body's defense against disease, they help to fight infection. Some destroy bacteria, others produce antibodies against bacteria and viruses.Uses: Patients suffering from Septicemia are treated with White Blood Cells. In certain situation, especially in newborn babies with serious infection and low White Blood Cells count, transfusion of White Blood Cells may help to overcome these infections.
PlateletsThey are the sticky blood cells. The sticky quality enables Platelets to form clots over torn or damaged blood vessels from which bleeding occurs.Uses: Platelets in large quantities are transfused into patientswhose bone marrow does not produce enough Platelets, such as those suffering from leukemia, hemophilia and those undergoing chemotherapy.

PlasmaPlasma is composed mainly of water, salts and many proteins. It is the fluid portion of body which is processed by freeze dryingso that it can be stored at normal temperatures over longer periods of time. Whole Blood is suitable for transfusion for only thirty five days after it has been donated, while plasma from any blood not used during this period can be converted into dried Plasma and can be preserved for longer donation.Uses: Patients suffering from burns, crush injuries, hemophilia, liver disorder etc. require plasma.

Factor VIII preparationsCryoprecipitate, a product prepared from Plasma contain a blood clotting substance called factor VIII. This is absent in patients suffering from hemophilia.

Infrastructure Requirements for Blood Banks in Delhi

Pls visit following links

Drug & Cosmetic Act
Infrastructure Requirements for Blood Banks

Blood Banks in Delhi

Looking for Negative Blood Group Donor in Delhi , Visit www.rarebloodgroups.org
1
Blood Bank,A.I.I.M.SNew Delhi-110029
2
Blood Bank,Armed Forces Transfusion CentreContonment,New Delhi-110010
3
Blood Bank,C.N. Centre,A.I.I.M.S.New Delhi-110029
4
Blood Bank, Dr.R.M.L. HospitalNew Delhi-110001
5
Blood Bank E.S.I. HospitalNew Delhi-110015
6
Blood Bank, Northern Railway CentreBasant Lane, New Delhi
7
Blood Bank ,Safdajang Hospital New Delhi-110029
8
Blood Bank, Sucheta Kriplani HospitalNew Delhi-110001
(B). Blood Banks Under Government of Delhi :
S.No Names & Addresses of Blood Banks
9
Blood Bank,D.D.U. HospitalHari Nagar, New Delhi-110069
10
Blood Bank,G.B. Pant HospitalNew Delhi-110002
11
Blood Bank,G.T.B. HospitalShahdra,Delhi-110029
12
Blood Bank, L.N.J.P. HospitalNew Delhi-110002
13
Blood Bank Sushrut Trauma CentreMetcalf House, Delhi-110054
14
Blood Bank, Sanjay Gandhi Memorial Hospital,Mangolpuri,Delhi-110083
15
Blood Bank, Saheb ambedkar Hospital Sector-6,Rohini, Delhi
16
Dr. Hedgewar Arogya Sansthan, F-18,Kakardooma, Shahadara Delhi-32
(C). Blood Banks Under Muncipal Corporation of Delhi :
S.No Names & Addresses of Blood Banks
17
Blood Bank, Hindu Rao HospitalDelhi-110007
18
Blood Bank, Kasturba HospitalDaryaganj, New Delhi-110002
19
Blood Bank, Swami Dayanand Hospital Delhi-110095

(D). Blood Banks Under Voluntary Organisation :
S.No Names & Addresses of Blood Banks
20
Blood Bank,Indian Red Cross SocietyNew Delhi
21
Rotary Blood Bank,56-57,Tuglaguabad, Institutional Area,Mehrauli Badarpur Road, New Delhi
22
Loins Blood BankAK-100, Shalimar Bagh,New Delhi-88
(E). Registration Trust Operator Blood Bank:
S.No Names & Addresses of Blood Banks
23
Emergency Blood Bank4858/2a, Ansari Road, Darayaganj,New Delhi-02
24
Blood Bank Organisation11/6-B, Pusa Road,New Delhi-110008
(F).Blood Banks Under Private Hospitals:
S.No Names & Addresses of Blood Banks
25
Blood Bank Jaipur Golden Hospital 2,Institutional Area ,Rohini,New Delhi-110085
26
Blood Bank,Batra HospitalNew Delhi-110062
27
Blood Bank,Dharmashila Cancer HospitalVasundra Enclave,Delhi-110096
28
Blood Bank, Escort Heart InstituteOkhla, New Delhi-110044
29
Blood Bank Ganga Ram HospitalNew Delhi-110060
30
Blood Bank, Holy Family HospitalOkhla,New Delhi-110020
31
Blood Bank ,Mata Chanan Devi Hospital A-2D,Janak Puri,New Delhi-110058
32
Blood Bank, Mool chand HospitalLajpat Nagar,New Delhi-110024
33
Blood Bank, National Heart InstituteEast of Kailash,New Delhi-110065
34
Blood Bank, Rajiv Gandhi Cancer HospitalRohini,Delhi-110085
35
Blood Bank,Indra Parstha Medical CorporationSarita Vihar,New Delhi-110085
36
Blood Bank, St. Stephens HospitalDelhi-110054
37
Blood Bank, Sundar Lal Jain HospitalAshok Vihar,Delhi-110052
38
Pushpawati Singhania Research Inst. for Liver Renal & Digestive, Press Enclave Marg,Shaikh Sarai,New Delhi-17
39
Blood Bank, Maharaja Aagrasen HospitalPunjabi Bagh,New Delhi-110026
40
Blood Bank, Delhi Heart & Lungs Institute,3MM-11,Ansari Road,Daryaganj,New Delhi-02
41
Brahm Shakti Hospital & Research Centre,U-1/78, Budh Vihar,New Delhi-110041
42
Shri Balaji Action Medical InstitureFC-34,A/4, Paschim Vihar,New Delhi-63
43
Max Devki Devi, Heart & Vascular Institute,(A Unit Of Devki Devi foundation Institute),2,Press Enclave,Saket,New Delhi-110017
44
Max Balaji Hospital(Balaji Medical and Diagnostic Centre)108 A,Indraprastha Extn., Samachar Apartment,Patparganj,New Delhi-110017
45
Sant Parmanand Hospital,(A Unit of Sant Parmanand Blind Relief Mission),Blood Bank, Sucheta Kriplani Hospital18,Sham Nath Marg,Civil Lines,Delhi-54
46
Blood Bank,Saroj Hospital & Heart Institute,Sector -14 Rohini,Madhuban Chowk,New Delhi-110085
47
Fortis Flt. Lt. Rajan Dhall Hospital Sector-B, Pkt.1,Aruna Asaf Ali Marg,Vasant Kunj,New Delhi-110017
(G).Private Blood Banks :
S.No Names & Addresses of Blood Banks
48
Bajaj Blood Bank,I-C/3, Guru Gobind Singh Marg,New Rohtak Road,New Delhi-110005
49
Blood Bank,Central Polyclinic03, Gagan Vihar, Delhi
50
Blood Organisation36, Vijay Block, Laxmi Nagar,Delhi-110092
51
Central Ployclinic Blood Bank11-J/36, Lajpat Nagar,New Delhi-110024
52
Sunil Blood Bank 806, Arjun Nagar,Kotla Mubarakpur,New Delhi-110003
53
White Cross Blood Bank, A-60,East Of Kailash, New Delhi-110065

Bombay blood group : Rare Blood Group

It is not as if only 35 people among a billion Indians have Bombay blood group. But 90 percent Indians don’t know their blood group. Among those who know, there are probably around 35.”
He says that there is a fair chance of a Mumbaikar saving life - not because people with the rare blood group are only to be found in Mumbai as some might believe - but because Mumbai is thickly-populated and so the possibility of finding a person with the rare blood group is brighter in Mumbai than in a sparsely-populated region.

www.rarebloodgroups.org

Wanted & Available Bombay blood group. It’s a rarest of the rare blood group in India

Visit www.rarebloodgroups.org

A rare genotype (blood group) of people was detected in Mumbai, a few decades back, who neither had A, AB, B or O group. This rare genotype was labelled as the Bombay Blood Group. If a Bombay Blood Group recipient is not transfused the blood of a Bombay Blood Group person, it can lead to a haemolytic transfusion reaction, which can be fatal and lead to death.

Transfusion of ‘O’ group blood to these persons would result in immediate red cell lysis because of the presence of anti H antibodies in the serum of Bombay Blood Group patients. Therefore blood from only a Bombay Blood Group individual should be transfused to a Bombay Blood Group recipient.”

Studies reveal that this is due to the absence of the H substance (antigen) in the red cells. The absence of the H substance is attributed to the deficiency of the enzyme fucosyl transferase. The Bombay Blood Group phenotypes lack H antigen in the red cells and have anti-H in the serum.

The precursor protein from which the blood group proteins are formed is termed as the H substance. This is bio-chemically produced by the binding of Fucose to the surface glycoproteins, the process being catalysed by Fucosyl transferase. If N-acetyl galactosamine binds to the H substance, it forms the blood group A, whereas if galactose binds to it, it forms the group B. Absence of any binding substance produces the O blood group.

Studies reveal that all human red blood cells with exceedingly rare exceptions carry the red cell H antigen. It is present in greatest amount on type O red cells and least on type A1B cells. The H antigen is an intermediate stage in the production of the A and B antigens. The individuals with the so-called Bombay phenotype are recognised with the presence of anti-H in the serum, in addition to anti-A and anti-B, as in type O persons.

Other issues related to Bombay Blood Group is that blood is incompatible with all A, B and O donors. In routine forward grouping, this blood group would give reaction as an ’O’ blood group where as in serum grouping it would show reaction with ’O’ cells due to the presence of anti H in their serum .

Since Bombay Blood Group is the rarest of the rare group, it is desirable to develop cryopreservation facilities for rare donor units. Every blood bank can easily maintain a rare blood type donor file from amongst their regular voluntary donors.”

“If these blood banks can borrow or exchange rare blood units in times of need, lot of problems related to rare blood groups like Bombay Blood Group can be solved.

This is only possible if each blood bank has a large number of committed regular voluntary donors,”

Please Visit www.rarebloodgroup.org if you are Bombay Blood Type or if you know some one.

Famous Blood Quotes

"Peace, above all things, is to be desired, but blood must sometimes be spilled to obtain it on equable and lasting terms." - Andrew Jackson

"The future can be anything we want it to be, providing we have the faith and that we realize that peace, no less than war, required blood and sweat and tears." - Charles F. Kettering

"Young blood must have its course, lad, and every dog its day." - Charles Kingsley

"No one need think that the world can be ruled without blood. The civil sword shall and must be red and bloody." - Martin Luther

"Blood will tell, but often it tells too much." - Don Marquis

"Blood alone moves the wheels of history." - Benito Mussolini

"The best blood will at some time get into a fool or a mosquito." - Austin O'Malley

"A pint of sweat will save a gallon of blood." - George S. Patton

"Blood is a cleansing and sanctifying thing, and the nation that regards it as the final horror has lost its manhood... there are many things more horrible than bloodshed, and slavery is one of them!" - Padraic Pearse

"The blood of the martyrs is the seed of the church." – Tertullian

Mythology and religion
Due to its importance to life, blood is associated with a large number of beliefs. One of the most basic is the use of blood as a symbol for family relationships; to be "related by blood" is to be related by ancestry or descendance, rather than marriage. This bears closely to bloodlines, and sayings such as "blood is thicker than water" and "bad blood", as well as "Blood brother". Blood is given particular emphasis in the Jewish and Christian religions because Leviticus 17:11 says "the life of a creature is in the blood." This phrase is part of the Levitical law forbidding the drinking of blood, due to its practice in idol worship by surrounding societies.

Mythic references to blood may be connected to the childbirth or menstruation, both bloody but life-affirming events, as opposed to the blood of injury or death.

Visit : www.rarebloodgroups.org

Wanted / Available Negative Blood Group Donors in New Delhi

www.RareBloodGroups.Org is started by Tulika and Rahul to collect & share data base of rare groups donors in New Delhi and Soon All India .

At Present Rare Blood Groups in India are Bombay Rare , AB Negative Blood Group , B Negative Blood Group , A Negative Blood Group and O Negative Blood Group ,

Please visit http://www.rarebloodgroups.org to become rare blood group donor in India , Idea is simple Give One to Save One ( means pls give or donate one unit of rare blood to save some one's life ) SMS Ur Details i.e Name , Blood Group , Location at +919811110088

RH negative citizens asked to donate blood for Olympics in China , Is Delhi Ready for Common Wealth Games ?

News Source : (Xinhua)
Beijing's health authority has issued a plea to healthy citizens with the rhesus negative blood type to make donations to build up supplies for overseas athletes at next year's Olympic Games.

The health authorities face a shortage of the blood type as only three out of 10,000 Han Chinese are RH negative, according to official figures.

"Beijing will welcome more than 500,000 foreign guests during the Games and we need to reinforce our blood banks," said Deng Xiaohong, deputy director of the Beijing Municipal Health Administration.

A pressing job between now and the Games' opening ceremony next August is to expand storage of the RH negative blood, which is found in 15 percent of the western people, she said.

Beijing-based hospitals need a total of 200,000 cc of RH negative blood a year for clinical use, according to Deng. "When the blood is out of supply, we also ask other provinces for help," she explained.

New technologies have prolonged the shelf life of the RH negative blood to ten years by storing it at minus 85 degrees Celsius.

Occasional reports of blood shortages have prompted several Chinese cities to set up special databanks with details of the RH negative donors, including their overall health situation, donation history and past illnesses, to ensure an adequate supply in case of emergencies.

It can be fatal if a RH negative patient receives transfusions of a different blood type. Expectant mothers with RH negative blood are also vulnerable to miscarriages when the fetuses have a different blood type.

Is Delhi ready to host common wealth game ?

We request you that if you have any of following blood group and you live in Delhi or NCR. Please register yourself at www.rarebloodgroups.org

AB Negative ( AB-) Blood Group
B Negative ( B-) Blood Group
O Negative (O-) Blood Group
A Negative ( A-) Blood Group

Thursday, March 27, 2008

All about Blood

Blood is a mixture of cells and a watery liquid, called plasma, that the cells float in. It also contains other things like nutrients (such as sugar), hormones, clotting agents, and waste products to be flushed out of the body.

There are three kinds of cells in the blood: red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. Red blood cells carry oxygen from the lungs throughout the body, white blood cells help fight infection, and platelets help in clotting.

Red blood cells (also called erythrocytes) are the most numerous, making up 40-45 percent of one's blood, and they give blood its characteristic color. Red blood cells are shaped like tiny doughnuts, with an indentation in the center instead of a hole. They contain a special molecule called hemoglobin, which carries the oxygen. In the lungs, where there is a lot of oxygen, the hemoglobin molecules loosely bind with oxygen. Each molecule of hemoglobin contains four iron atoms, and each iron atom can bind with one molecule of oxygen, allowing each hemoglobin molecule to carry four molecules of oxygen. In the capillaries, where there is little oxygen, the hemoglobin readily sheds the oxygen it is carrying and allows it to be absorbed by the body's cells. The iron in hemoglobin is what makes blood red.

A diagram of blood cells.

White blood cells (leukocytes) are the body's mobile warriors in the battle against infection and invasion. There are three types of white blood cell: granulocytes, lymphocytes, and monocytes. There are, in turn, three kinds of granulocyte: neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils. (Granulocytes are called that because they contain granules that hold digestive enzymes.) Neutrophils kill invading bacteria by ingesting and then digesting them. Eosinophils kill parasites, and are involved in allergic reactions. Basophils also function in allergic reactions, but are not well understood.

Lymphocytes are key parts of the body's immune system. There are two kinds of lymphocyte: T cells and B lymphocytes. T cells direct the activity of the immune system. B lymphocytes produce antibodies, which destroy foreign bodies. Monocytes, the largest kind of white blood cells, enter the tissues of the body and turn into even larger cells called macrophages. These eat foreign bacteria and destroy damaged, old, and dead cells of the body itself.

The blood cells called platelets (thrombocytes) help blood to clot, in several different ways. When bleeding occurs, platelets clump together to help form a clot. Also, when they are exposed to air (as they would be by a wound), platelets start breaking down and release a substance into the bloodstream. This substance starts a chain of chemical events that eventually causes a protein in the blood, fibrinogen, to turn into a different substance, fibrin, which forms long threads. These threads tangle up red blood cells to help form a clot, or scab, over the wound.

In their "resting" state, platelets look like two plates stuck together (hence the name). When "activated" and helping to form a clot, they change shape and look like tiny roundish blobs with tentacles. At only two to three microns, they are the smallest kind of blood cell.

Plasma is a clear, straw-colored liquid that carries the blood cells and various hormones, nutrients, and so on through the body. It makes up a little more than half of the total blood volume. Plasma is about 90 percent water. Much of the other ten percent comprises various kinds of protein molecules, including enzymes, clotting agents, immunoglobulins (part of the immune system), and proteins that carry hormones, vitamins, cholesterol, and other things the body needs. Plasma also contains sugar (glucose) and electrolytes like sodium, potassium, and calcium, as well as other things like the aforementioned hormones, vitamins, and cholesterol.

How is blood Produced

Blood cells are produced in the bone marrow, a jellylike substance inside the bones that is composed of, among other things, fat, blood, and special cells that turn into the various kinds of blood cells. In children, the marrow of most of the bones produces blood. But in adults, only the marrow of certain bones -- the spine, ribs, pelvis, and some others -- continues to make blood. Bone marrow that actively produces blood cells is called red marrow, and bone marrow that no longer produces blood cells is called yellow marrow.

All blood cells come from the same kind of stem cell, which has the potential to turn into any kind of blood cell. These stem cells are called pluripotential hematopoietic stem cells.

As the blood cells develop from the stem cells in the marrow, they seep into the blood that passes through the bones and on into the bloodstream. The different kinds of blood cells have different "life spans" -- red blood cells last about 120 days in the bloodstream; platelets about 10 days; and the various kinds of white blood cells can last anywhere from days to years.

The body has a feedback system that tells it when to make new red blood cells. If bodily oxygen levels are low (as they would be if there are too few red blood cells circulating), the kidneys produce a hormone called erythropoietin, which stimulates the stem cells in the marrow to produce more red blood cells.

How does circulatory systems works ?

It says in the Book of Genesis that the life lies in the blood, and one can see why. Blood carries oxygen and nutrients to every cell of the body, carries away waste products, and plays a central role in the body's defense against intruders.

The circulatory system keeps approximately five liters (for the average adult human) of blood circulating constantly through the body. Its most important organ is the heart, that double pump that forces the blood through the blood vessels. The body's circulatory system really has three distinct parts: circulation through the lungs (pulmonary circulation), the heart (coronary circulation), and the rest of the system (systemic circulation).

Pulmonary circulation, in which blood goes from the heart to the lungs and back to the heart, is when the blood exchanges carbon dioxide, a waste product it has picked up from the rest of the body, for oxygen, which it will carry to the rest of the body. The de-oxygenated, carbon-dioxide-laden blood returning to the heart from the body enters the right side of the heart through two veins (one for blood coming from the lower half of the body, the other for blood from the upper half). The heart pumps it to the lungs, where it drops off carbon dioxide to be excreted (exhaled), and picks up oxygen. The blood then returns to the left side of the heart, which pumps it out to the rest of the body. The flow of the blood from the heart to the rest of the body and back to the heart is systemic circulation. The heart pumps the now oxygen-rich blood out through the arteries, which are wide, thick-walled blood vessels. Then the blood moves into smaller vessels called capillaries, where it releases the oxygen and nutrients it carries to the body's cells. At the same time, it picks up waste products like carbon dioxide. The blood then flows into the veins, which carry it back to the heart.

During systemic circulation, blood flows through the kidneys, in a phase called renal circulation. The kidneys filter out waste products like urea and excess salt, which will be excreted in the urine.

Blood also passes through the small intestine, in a phase called portal circulation. It picks up sugars from digested food and then collects in the portal vein, which passes through the liver. The liver filters sugars from the blood to store for the body to use as energy later.

Like any other organ, the heart itself needs blood to supply it with nourishment and carry away wastes. The movement of blood through the capillaries of the heart for these purposes is called coronary circulation.

What to expect when donating ?

Every two seconds someone needs blood. Most of us only have to look as far as our circle of friends and neighbors to find someone whose life was touched by the generous gift of a volunteer blood donor. Donating blood for the first time, though, can be intimidating. What is the process? What should you expect? How will you feel afterward?

When you arrive at the blood center, you will fill out a form answering a series of questions designed to determine whether it is safe for you to donate, and for someone to receive your blood. Questions relate to health issues and behavioral risks, including intravenous drug use. We understand that some of these questions may be of a sensitive nature, so you will meet privately with a trained staff member to review these questions and discuss any concerns you may have. We treat this information in a highly confidential manner.

You also will be given a "mini-physical." A trained health historian will check your blood pressure, pulse, temperature and test your red cell count by taking a small sample of blood from your finger.

A blood donation in progress.

After you have completed the health history, you will move on to the actual donation. During your whole blood donation, you'll give about one pint of blood. Your body will replace the lost fluids within 24 hours. You'll feel just a slight pinch when the needle is inserted. A collections staff member will stay with you during the entire donation process. Usually the needle is in your arm only 8 to 10 minutes. All of the needles and supplies are used only once and then discarded. It is not possible to contract HIV or any other disease through donating blood.

Most people experience no side effects from donation, and aside from avoiding strenuous exercise and heavy lifting, you can go about your normal routine once you leave.

Be sure to drink plenty of fluids before and after donating blood. It's also important to remember to eat foods high in iron content between donations. You will be eligible to donate whole blood again in 56 days. The entire process takes about an hour, and each donation has the potential to save three lives. Can you think of a better way to spend an hour?

Despite the fact that giving blood is easy, safe, and takes less than one hour, only five percent of eligible Americans donate blood. To donate blood, one must be healthy, at least 17 years old, and weigh 110 pounds or more.

At Blood Center

Once you have donated blood, blood centers begin a rigorous process to ensure that your donation is made ready for a recipient in need.

If your blood has been collected by the American Red Cross, for example, it is sent to a Red Cross testing and processing facility. Each whole blood donation is typically separated into three components: red cells, platelets, and plasma.

Red cells, which carry oxygen, will help patients who are anemic due to blood loss. Usually these must be transfused within 42 days, unless frozen.

Platelets are cell fragments needed by cancer and other patients who may experience bleeding because they are unable to produce enough platelets on their own. These can only be stored for five days.

Plasma is the liquid portion of the blood. It carries nutrients, removes waste, transports antibodies, and provides coagulation factors to help the blood clot. Plasma may be frozen for transfusion, frozen for storage, or it can be used to extract cryoprecipitate, a substance rich in Factor VIII -- which is needed by patients with classic hemophilia.

Refrigerated blood.

Splitting your blood donation into these components means that your single donation has the potential to save as many as three lives!

As part of the donation process, four sample tubes of blood are collected, labeled, and sent to one of our nine state-of-the-art National Testing Laboratories. Our laboratory technicians determine your blood type (A, B, AB, or O) and Rh factor (positive or negative). They also perform up to 12 different tests on each sample of blood. Every unit of blood is screened for infectious diseases such as HIV, syphilis, and hepatitis B and C, as well as for unexpected antibodies that might cause a transfusion reaction in some people.

Each American Red Cross blood donation also undergoes nucleic acid testing (NAT), a highly sensitive testing method to detect both HIV-1 and hepatitis C before the body has begun to produce antibodies.

The test results are then sent via computer to the facility where your blood is being stored. Your unit of blood is tracked by the bar code placed on the bag and the Blood Donation Record when you came to donate blood. By electronically reading the barcode on the bag, the computer will print test results and a label with the blood type for that donation. This computerized process helps us diminish human error and enables us to track each unit of blood.

Each unit of blood is kept at the appropriate temperature until it needs to be shipped to a hospital. Many hospitals receive routine shipments of blood, but Red Cross distribution centers are staffed 24 hours a day in order to meet emergency needs. At the hospital, blood components are cross-matched with patients' blood. A patient may receive your blood donation only 48 hours after your donated it!

Every two seconds, someone in this country needs blood. Volunteer blood donations help patients being treated for accidents, routine surgeries, and serious diseases such as leukemia, lymphoma and other cancers, heart disease, sickle cell anemia, and hemophilia.

Blood Typing

Blood transfusions were not possible until Karl Landsteiner first identified the major human blood groups -- namely O, A, B, and AB -- in a series of experiments in 1901 that earned him the Nobel Prize. (At the time, Landsteiner identified only groups A, B, and O; further analysis, two years later, revealed group AB.)

The ABO blood groups are defined by specific inherited molecules, or antigens, that are present on the surface of red blood cells. Thus, one inherits either A or B antigens (group A or B), both A and B antigens (group AB), or neither antigen (group O). Conversely, a person develops a natural immunity, or antibody, in their plasma to the ABO antigens that are absent on their own red cells. Thus, a group A person has anti-B antibodies, and group O person has both anti-A and anti-B antibodies.

If group A red cells are mistakenly transfused to a group O recipient, for example, the anti-A antibody in the recipient's plasma destroys the transfused group A cells and a serious transfusion reaction occurs. Because group O has anti-A as well as anti-B antibodies, group O recipients can only accept blood from group O donors. Conversely, group AB recipients can receive blood from all groups.

There are many other antigens on the red cell surface. The most important is the Rh factor. A person is defined as either Rh positive or Rh negative depending on the presence of the primary Rh antigen on the red cell. In contrast to ABO antigens, however, a person only develops anti-Rh after exposure to Rh-positive red cells through transfusion or pregnancy. Modern blood-banking technology uses highly sensitive tests to properly identify and match blood between donor and recipient.
The most common blood types in the U.S. are A positive and O positive -- about 72 percent of the population has one or the other. AB negative is the rarest blood type (1 percent of the population

Support Group for Rare ( Negative )Blood Groups by Tulika and Rahul

Tulika and Rahul are parents of little unwell son Arjunuday ( pls visit Arjunuday at www.caremycolostomy.org A Support always have a great worries about future of their child and since his blood group is also rare that give them sleepless night some times .

Today everyone is showing great interest in Kidney Racket Scam but very few know about the desperation of the people dying with out availability of donors . This is the condition of normal blood group donors , think about rare blood group donors . there is a never great chance of survival if unfortunately these blood group people develop any problem in Kidney or Liver .

People come in all different shapes, sizes and blood types. The vast majority fall into one of the following blood type categories: A, B, AB, and O. But for a small percentage of the population, finding someone else with the same blood type can be as difficult as looking for a needle in a haystack. . We are regular on arranging rare blood to sick children in various delhi hospitals and we always take help of radio stations and mobile phone sms ect to arrange the blood .

Two days back Tulika got a phone call from the blood bank of escorts where a 3 months old Pakistani boy required AB negative blood , Father of child Manager in some FMC of Karachi was not able to hold back his tears when blood was arranged .

Availability of rare blood groups are very poor in all major blood banks in Delhi , some data collected from http://bloodbanksdelhi.com/ ( official blood bank details of delhi government ) shows that they have only 1 or 2 unit of rare blood group at a time as compare to 900 units ect of common blood live B positive.

We also understand that these blood banks keeps some data of rare blood group donors but their blood stocks says some thing else .

Imagine some unfortunate disaster happen here in the city like Earth Quakes in Gujrat and Kashmir or any other . Are we ready of face the same .

Rahul and Tulika have started a website by the name of Rare Blood Groups i.e

www.rarebloodgroups.org

WE WILL BE MORE THAN HAPPY IF YOU BECOME PART OF OUR TEAM IN THIS NOBLE CAUSE.

target is to have a large data base of rare blood group donors all over the country and helping Surgeons and Blood banks with our data base .

Negative Blood Group Donors in Delhi : RareBloodGroup.Org

Rare Blood is just like all other Blood, and will not cause you any problem at all..... unless you need a transfusion! At that moment you will begin to find out the full meaning of the words 'rare Blood.' It is seldom that the Blood type is rare; it is the antigens in the Blood that more often make the Blood rare. This is also the time that you may really regret not having your Blood tested and knowing that information. Blood test results, Blood tests Rare Blood types, blood test.

A rare Blood type is any Blood type that is difficult to find in the population where you may need that "rare" type of Blood. One way of defining a Blood type as rare is when more than 200 donors must be screened to find one compatible donor with Blood of that desired type.

So if your Blood Group is AB Negative , B Negative , A Negative , O Negative and you wish to save some ones life of same blood group please CLICK HERE or sms your name , blood group , city , phone no. to +919811110088 ( New Delhi )